• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The subject of the invention is a clock-bearing ball bearing (1) comprising a first ring (4), in particular an inner ring, a second ring (3), in particular an outer ring and rolling bodies (2), the bearing comprising minus one surface of the inner ring and / or the outer ring and / or a rolling body covered with a lubricant, the bearing comprising between 25 and 35 balls, in particular 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 balls, the bearing not comprising a ball separation cage or the bearing being of the contiguous ball type, in particular of the solid type of balls, or the balls being capable of coming into contact with one another, at least one ball or some balls or all the balls being made of steel, the inner ring being made of steel, and the outer ring being made of steel. Such a bearing is silent and performance over time remains stable.
    公开号:CH714209A2
    申请号:CH01157/18
    申请日:2018-09-24
    公开日:2019-03-29
    发明作者:Fleury Christian
    申请人:Rolex Sa；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a roll-forming separation cage for a bearing or a rolling-body separation cage for rolling bearings. The invention also relates to a bearing, in particular a bearing comprising such a cage. The invention also relates to a watch mechanism comprising such a bearing or such a cage. The invention also relates to a watch movement comprising such a movement or such a bearing or such a cage. The invention also relates to a timepiece comprising such a movement or such a mechanism or such a bearing or such a cage. The invention also relates to a method of producing such a bearing or of such a mechanism or of such a movement or of such a timepiece.
    [0002] Bearings, in particular ball bearings, are commonly used in the field of watchmaking, in particular to implement the pivoting of mobiles such as oscillating masses of self-winding movements. Indeed, the bearing has the advantage of allowing a fast rotation of a mobile with a minimum of friction, by supporting significant axial and / or radial loads, while ensuring the precise positioning of said mobile.
    The patent application EP 1 520 111 discloses a four-point contact ball bearing whose architecture is well known in the prior art. This comprises a predetermined number of balls arranged in a cage itself disposed between an outer ring and an inner ring consisting of two washers fixed together. According to the teaching of this document, the lubrication of a clock bearing poses different problems vis-à-vis, on the one hand, the difficulty in controlling the proper amount of lubricant, and on the other hand, possible decreases in performance of said bearing. The document thus proposes to use beads made of a zirconium oxide ceramic in order to provide a bearing that does not require lubrication.
    The patent application CH 709 348 discloses a ball bearing architecture similar to that of the bearing of the document EP 1 520 111. The document illustrates a cage having a circular ring shape with perforations at its outer periphery. , which are provided to receive the balls. Like the sole figure of the specification of the application EP 1 520 111, the document CH 709 348 illustrates a contact surface or a potential contact surface consistent between the cage and the inner ring of the bearing.
    The patent application EP 2 787 234 discloses a ball bearing architecture slightly different from that of the document bearings EP 1 520 111 and CH 709 348, with a one-piece inner ring and an outer ring consisting of two washers. The cage here has a shape of circular ring with perforations at its inner periphery, which are provided to receive the balls. The document also illustrates a substantial contact surface or potential contact surface between the cage and the outer race of the bearing.
    The patent application CH 711 020 relates to an alternative architecture of ball bearings. This uses monobloc inner and outer rings between which a cage having a hollow cylinder shape is disposed. This cage is provided with cut-outs at one of its axial ends, which are intended to receive the balls. In conventional operation of such a ball bearing, there remains a clearance between the cage and the rings, including the inner ring. Nevertheless, a shock may induce contact between the cage and one or the other of the two rings, in particular the inner ring. Like the previous constructions, there is thus a potential area of substantial contact between the cage and the inner or outer ring of the bearing.
    [0007] There are also ball bearings devoid of cage. For example, the manufacturer MPS offers a bearing "full of beads" known under the trade name "Myrox14". This consists of inner and outer rings of zirconium oxide ceramic and includes balls also made of the same material.
    [0008] Different documents mention that the clock bearings must not be lubricated because of the disadvantages already mentioned.
    However, studies of the applicant show that the operating noise of an unlubricated bearing does not meet its requirements criteria. Indeed, the operation of a bearing may induce an audible noise by a watchmaker, or even a wearer of a wristwatch incorporating such a bearing, especially at nine or after several years of operation.
    The object of the invention is to provide a rolling body separation cage of a bearing or a bearing to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above and to improve the known devices of the prior art. In particular, the invention proposes a bearing with or without a separation cage which is silent and whose performance over time remains stable.
    According to a first aspect of the invention, a rolling cage is determined by the following definitions. 1. Cage for separating rolling bodies for a bearing, in particular for a clockwork bearing, the cage having first openings for receiving the rolling bodies and at least a first contact zone intended to come into contact with a bearing ring and having at least one minus a first hollow conformation. 2. Cage according to definition 1, characterized in that the cage has a substantially flat annular shape or in that the cage has a substantially cylindrical shape. 3. Cage according to one of the definitions 1 and 2, characterized in that the cage comprises a first edge and a second edge, the first openings being openings opening at the first edge or the second edge and / or the less a first recessed conformation comprises at least a second opening through a thickness of the cage. 4. Cage according to definition 3, characterized in that the cage has a substantially planar annular shape, the first edge being an outer edge and the second edge being an inner edge, or in that the cage has a substantially cylindrical shape, the first edge being an edge of a first end and the second edge being an edge of a second end. 5. Cage according to one of the definitions 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises several recessed conformations, including several second openings, each disposed between two first adjacent openings. 6. Cage according to one of the definitions 1 to 5, characterized in that the contact zone comprises at least a first protruding conformation whose apex is intended to participate in a cage-bearing ring interface. Cage according to definition 6, characterized in that the at least one first protruding conformation comprises a rib of circular or substantially circular shape and / or in that the at least one first protruding conformation comprises a set of bosses. , in particular at least three bosses, in particular at least three bosses arranged circularly or substantially circularly and / or at least three bosses arranged at regular angular interval or substantially regular relative to an axis of the cage. 8. Cage according to one of the definitions 1 to 7, characterized in that the cage is arranged such that the area of a surface of the cage capable of coming into contact with a bearing ring is less than 0.6 or 0.5 or 0.45 or 0.4 or 0.3 times the area of: - the orthogonal projection of the cage along an axis of the cage, in particular an axis of rotation symmetry of the cage, when the cage is a flat annular cage, or - the surface cylindrical cylinder of a diameter equal to that of the diameter of the cylinder defining the surface of the cage and between two end edges of the cage when the cage is a cylindrical cage.
    According to the first aspect of the invention, a bearing is determined by the following definitions. 9. Bearing, in particular a clock bearing, comprising a first ring, in particular an inner ring, a second ring, in particular an outer ring, rolling bodies and a roll-cage separation cage, in particular a separating cage according to one of the definitions 1 to 8, the cage and the first and second rings being arranged so that the area of a surface of the cage likely to come into contact with the rings is less than 0.6 or 0.5 or 0.45 or 0.4 or 0.3 times the area of: - the orthogonal projection of the cage along an axis of the bearing when the cage is a flat annular cage, or - the cylindrical surface of a cylinder of diameter equal to that of the diameter of the cylinder defining the surface of the cage and understood between two end edges of the cage when the cage is a cylindrical cage. Bearing according to definition 9, characterized in that a surface of one of the first and second rings comprises at least one second contact zone having at least one second recessed conformation and / or at least one second protruding conformation of which the summit participates in a cage-ring interface. Bearing according to definition 10, characterized in that the at least one second protruding conformation comprises a rib of circular or substantially circular shape and / or in that the at least one second protruding conformation comprises a set of bosses. , in particular at least three bosses, in particular at least three bosses arranged circularly or substantially circularly and / or at least three bosses arranged at regular or substantially regular angular interval relative to a bearing axis. 12. Bearing according to one of the definitions 9 to 11, characterized in that it comprises at least one surface of the first ring and / or the second ring and / or a rolling body covered with a lubricant, in particular a lubricant whose kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 20 ° C is between 8 and 15 St, in particular equal to 10 St or approximately equal to 10 St and / or in that the first ring comprises a first annular element and a second annular element, the first and second annular elements being shaped so as to provide, when assembled, a housing groove of the cage and / or in that the rolling bodies are balls or needles or rollers, in particular cylindrical or frustoconical rollers and / or in that the rolling bodies are made of ceramic, in particular of zirconium oxide or silicon nitride.
    According to the first aspect of the invention, a mechanism is determined by the following definition. Clock mechanism, in particular an oscillating mass device or an automatic winding device, comprising a bearing according to one of the definitions 9 to 12 or a cage according to one of the definitions 1 to 8.
    According to the first aspect of the invention, a motion is determined by the following definition. 14. Watch movement comprising a cage according to one of the definitions 1 to 8 or a bearing according to one of the definitions 9 to 12 or a mechanism according to the definition 13.
    According to the first aspect of the invention, a timepiece is determined by the following definition. 15. Timepiece, in particular a wristwatch, comprising a movement according to the definition 14 or a cage according to one of the definitions 1 to 8 or a bearing according to one of the definitions 9 to 12 or a mechanism according to the definition 13.
    According to the first aspect of the invention, a method is determined by the following definitions. 16. A method of producing a clockwork bearing or a watch mechanism or a watch movement or a timepiece, the method comprising the following steps: - providing a bearing according to one of the definitions 9 to 12; - Apply, on at least one surface of the first ring and / or the second ring and / or a rolling body, a lubricant, especially a lubricant whose kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 20 ° C is between 8 and 15 St, in particular equal to 10 St or substantially equal to 10 St. 17. Method according to definition 16, characterized in that the lubricant is applied by jetting or by non-contact spraying.
    According to a second aspect of the invention, a bearing is determined by the following definitions. 18. Clock bearing comprising a first ring, in particular an inner ring, a second ring, in particular an outer ring and rolling bodies, the bearing comprising at least one surface of the first ring and / or the second ring and / or a rolling body covered with a lubricant. 19. Bearing according to definition 18, characterized in that the lubricant has a kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 20 ° C between 8 and 15 St, in particular equal to 10 St or approximately equal to 10 St. 20. Bearing according to the 18 or 19, characterized in that the bearing does not comprise a roll cage separation cage or in that the rolling bearing is of the contiguous rolling body type, in particular of the solid type of ball, or in that rolling bodies are likely to come into contact with each other. 21. Bearing according to one of the definitions 18 to 20, characterized in that the first ring comprises a first annular element and a second annular element, the first and second annular elements being shaped so as to provide, when assembled, a housing groove of the cage. 22. Bearing according to one of the definitions 18 to 21, characterized in that the rolling bodies are balls or needles or rollers, including cylindrical or frustoconical rollers. 23. Bearing according to one of the definitions 18 to 22, characterized in that the rolling bodies are: - ceramic, in particular zirconium oxide or silicon nitride, or - steel, in particular steel rolling, as a low alloy steel containing Cr, for example 100Cr6 (DIN 1.3505) or 100CrMo7-3 (DIN 1.3536), or - superelastic alloy such as Nitinol. 24. Bearing according to one of the definitions 18 to 23, characterized in that the first ring is made of steel or stainless steel, for example 4C27A (DIN 1.4197), or superelastic alloy such as Nitinol and / or in that the second ring is made of steel or stainless steel, for example 4C27A (DIN 1.4197), or superelastic alloy such as Nitinol. 25. Bearing according to one of the definitions 18 to 24, characterized in that the bearing comprises between 25 and 35 rolling bodies or balls, in particular 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 rolling bodies or balls. Bearing according to one of the definitions 18 to 25, characterized in that the rolling bodies or balls are mounted in the rings with a tangential clearance, the clearance being for example greater than or equal to the radius of the rolling bodies or balls and / or the clearance being for example less than or equal to the diameter of the rolling bodies or balls.
    According to the second aspect of the invention, a mechanism is determined by the following definitions. 27. Watchmaking mechanism, in particular oscillating weight device or automatic winding device, comprising a bearing according to one of the definitions 18 to 26. 28. Clock mechanism according to definition 27, characterized in that it comprises an oscillating mass whose static torque is greater than or equal to 120 pN.m or 180 pN.m or 220 pN.m or 250 pN.m and / or an oscillating mass whose mass is greater than 2 g or 3 g or 4 g.
    According to the second aspect of the invention, a motion is determined by the following definition. 29. Watch movement comprising a bearing according to one of definitions 18 to 26 or a mechanism according to definition 27 or 28.
    According to the second aspect of the invention, a timepiece is determined by the following definition. 30. Timepiece, in particular a wristwatch, comprising a movement according to definition 29 or a bearing according to one of definitions 18 to 26 or a mechanism according to definition 27 or 28.
    According to the second aspect of the invention, a method is determined by the following definitions. 31. A method of producing a clockwork bearing or a watch mechanism or a watch movement or a timepiece, the method comprising the following steps: providing a bearing comprising a first ring, in particular a ring interior, a second ring, in particular an outer ring and rolling bodies, in particular providing a bearing according to one of the definitions 18 to 26 devoid of lubricant, - applying a lubricant on at least one surface of the first ring and / or the second ring and / or a rolling body. 32. Process according to definition 31, characterized in that the lubricant has a kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 20 ° C between 8 and 15 St, in particular equal to 10 St or substantially equal to 10 St. 33. Method according to Definition 31 or 32, characterized in that the lubricant is applied by jetting or non-contact spraying.
    Unless logical or technical incompatibility, any combination of the characteristics of the first and second aspects can be achieved.
    The appended figures represent, by way of example, two embodiments of a timepiece according to the invention.
    Figs. 1 to 3 are views showing a first variant of a first embodiment of a timepiece.
    Fig. 4 is a view showing a cage of a second variant of the first embodiment of the timepiece.
    Figs. 5 and 6 are views showing a fourth variant of the first embodiment of the timepiece.
    Fig. 7 is a view showing a fifth variant of the first embodiment of the timepiece.
    Figs. 8 and 9 are views showing a second embodiment of a timepiece.
    Figs. 10 to 12 are sectional views of alternative embodiments of a cage, according to an X-X plane shown in FIG.
    Fig. 13 is a view of the surface B of the cage of the first variant of the first embodiment.
    Fig. 14 is a view of the surface A of the cage of the first variant of the first embodiment.
    Fig. 15 is a view of the surface B of the cage of the variant of FIG. 11.
    Fig. 16 is a view of the surface A of the cage of the variant of FIG. 11.
    Fig. 17 is a view of the surface B of the cage of the variant of FIG. 12.
    Fig. 18 is a view of the surface A of the cage of the variant of FIG. 12.
    Fig. 19 is a view of the surface B of the cage of the second variant of the first embodiment.
    Fig. 20 is a view of the surface A of the cage of the second variant of the first embodiment.
    A first variant of a first embodiment of a timepiece 400 is described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. The timepiece is for example a watch, especially a wristwatch, including an automatic wristwatch.
    The timepiece comprises a watch movement 300, in particular a mechanical movement, in particular an automatic movement.
    The movement comprises a watch mechanism 200. This mechanism may for example be an oscillating mass device of an automatic winding device or be an automatic winding device. The mechanism includes a bearing. The bearing can guide in rotation an oscillating mass 92 relative to a frame 91 about an axis A1.
    The bearing 1 is for example a clockwork bearing, in particular a watchbearing ball bearing. The bearing comprises a first ring 4, in particular an inner ring, a second ring 3, in particular an outer ring, rolling bodies 2, in particular balls, and a roll-off separating cage 5.
    One of the rings 4 may be provided to be attached to a frame of the watch movement. It can thus have a conformation 40 allowing its assembly to the frame. Preferably, the other ring 3 has at least one connecting means 30 with a movement mechanism. This means may, for example, be a toothing 30. The mechanism of movement may, for example, be an automatic winding mechanism. For this purpose, the ring 3 may further comprise a surface 90 for receiving an oscillating mass 92.
    The bearing has an axis A1 around which the first or second ring is guided in rotation through the rolling bodies. The first and second rings each have a raceway provided for the rolling of the rolling bodies.
    The bearing comprises a predetermined number of rolling bodies 2 arranged in a separating cage 5. The separation cage is disposed between the outer ring 3 and the inner ring 4.
    One of the first and second rings, for example the inner ring, consists of two annular elements or washers 4a, 4b fixed together or simply biased towards each other, for example, elastically. The first and second annular elements are shaped so as to provide, when assembled or recalled towards each other to a position defined by the geometry of the rolling bodies or by a spacer provided between the first and second elements annular, a groove 48 housing the cage.
    The cage 5 for separating rolling bodies 2 has first openings 50 for receiving the rolling bodies and at least one first contact zone 56 intended to come into contact with a bearing ring and having at least a first hollow conformation. 52. The ring is not part of the cage.
    The first contact zone is preferably an annular zone intended to come into contact with one of the first and second rings of the bearing, in particular with a second contact zone 49 of one of the first and second rings of the rolling.
    The cage preferably comprises at least two first contact zones 56 intended to come into contact with two second contact zones on one and / or the other of the rings of the bearing. The at least one first recessed configuration 52 makes it possible to limit the contacts between the first and second contact zones.
    The cage has the function of separating the rolling bodies to avoid direct contact between two consecutive rolling bodies. In other words, the cage 5 is a cage for holding the rolling bodies in the sense that it makes it possible to maintain a gap between two consecutive rolling bodies, especially when the first and second rings are moving relative to one another, or it keeps the rolling bodies in position relative to each other, especially when the first and second rings are moving relative to each other.
    In the first variant of the first embodiment, the cage has a flat circular ring shape or generally flat.
    The cage comprises a first edge 58 and a second edge 59. The first edge 58 is advantageously circular. The first edge 58 is preferably centered or substantially centered on the axis A1. The second edge 59 is advantageously circular. The second edge 59 is preferably centered or substantially centered on the axis A1 and / or is preferably concentric or substantially concentric with the first edge. The axis A1 is preferably an axis of rotation symmetry of the cage or substantially.
    The first openings 50 are openings opening at the first edge 58 or the second edge 59. In the first variant of the first embodiment, the first openings open at the first edge which is the outer edge of the cage .
    The at least one first hollow conformation 52 is, in this variant shown, at least a second opening 52 through a thickness 57 of the cage, as shown in FIG. 10.
    Moreover, the second opening 52 opens at the second edge or the first edge. In the first variant of the first embodiment, the second opening opens at the second edge which is the inner edge of the cage. However, the central opening 60 forming the ring, in particular the central opening, circular or substantially circular, and centered on the axis A1, does not constitute the second opening. The second opening is made in the crown limited by the first edge and the second edge.
    Preferably, the cage may comprise a plurality of second openings 52. Preferably, the second openings 52 may be each disposed between two adjacent first openings.
    Alternatively, the first openings and / or the second or second openings may not open at one and / or the other of the first and second edges.
    In practice, the fact that the first and / or second (or) openings open on one and / or the other of the first and second edges, can alter, at least locally, the circular nature of the first and / or second or the second edge. At the extreme, the first circular edge and / or the second circular edge can be defined as a cylinder portion circumscribed to the cage and / or the first circular edge and / or the second circular edge can be defined as a cylinder portion inscribed in the central opening of the cage. A portion of cylinder circumscribed to the cage may thus constitute a portion of the outer periphery of the cage, a portion of the first or second edge. A portion of the cylinder inscribed in the central opening of the cage may thus constitute a portion of the inner periphery of the cage, a portion of the first or second edge.
    The cage is also defined axially in this first variant of the first embodiment, by flat surfaces 50a, 50b. The surfaces 50a, 50b may be delimited in the plane by portions of the inner periphery and portions of the outer periphery of the cage. The distance between these planar surfaces defines a thickness 57 of the cage. The area of the flat surfaces 50a and / or 50b can thus be defined as being the area of the surface B of the cage. More generally, in all the embodiments and variants in which the cage has generally a flat annular shape, the area of the surface B of the cage can be defined as being the area of the projection of the cage along the axis A1 on a plane perpendicular to the axis A1. Thus, any extrusion or protrusion, but also any groove or groove, disposed on the surface of the cage has no influence on the surface of the surface B of the cage. In other words, the surface B is the orthogonal projection of the cage along the axis A1.
    The movements of the cage relative to one and / or the other of the first and second rings are limited: - axially relative to the axis A1 on the one hand, by surfaces 41a and 41b of the one and / or the other of the first and second rings, in particular groove side surfaces, and - radially relative to the axis A1 on the other hand, by: • a wall 43a of one and / or the other first and second rings, in particular a groove bottom wall, and / or • the rolling bodies in the case where sufficient radial clearance is left between the wall 53 of the cage and the groove bottom wall 43a of the one or the other of the first and second rings. In this case, the cage-ring contact areas can advantageously be further reduced.
    The surfaces 41a and 41b may, for example, be disposed respectively on the annular elements 4a and 4b of the second ring, in particular the inner ring. The surfaces 41a and 41b cooperate with the contact zones 49.
    There is a radial clearance between the inner edge 59 of the cage and the bottom wall 43a groove. There is also an axial clearance between the surfaces 41a and 41b and the surfaces 50a and 50b. The ring-cage interfaces define the axial fretting of the cage relative to the rings.
    The first contact zone 56 or the potential contact surface between the cage 5 and one of the rings, in particular the annular element 4a or the annular element 4b, is delimited by the dashed circle T and the circle C inscribed in the central opening, which are illustrated in FIG. 1.
    The cage is arranged or the cage and the first and second rings are arranged so that the area of the surface A (shown hatched in FIG 14) of the cage may come into contact with the rings is lower at 60%, or even less than 50%, or even less than 45%, or even less than 30%, of the area of the surface B (shown hatched in Fig. 13) of the cage. The surface A is formed by all the points of a face of the cage likely to come into contact with a bearing ring, in a normal operating mode of the bearing, that is to say when the bearing is assembled. and that a ring of the bearing is set in motion relative to another ring of the bearing about the axis A1. Surfaces A and B may be on a first face of the cage and / or surfaces A and B may be on a second face of the cage.
    The second openings or second openings 52 are shaped so as to minimize the area of the surface A. More particularly, these second perforations 52 define a portion 56 consisting of multiple projections 51a oriented towards the inside of the cage. Preferably, these second perforations 52 are arranged between two first openwork 50 consecutive. Preferably, two projections 51a are arranged on either side of a second openwork 52. Preferably, the number of second cut-outs 52 is equal to the number of cut-outs 50.
    In this first embodiment of the first embodiment, the area of the surface A corresponding to the sum of the areas Aa of the multiple projections 51a.
    In this first embodiment of the first embodiment, the cage 5 comprises eleven first openwork 50 and eleven second perforations 52. In this particular embodiment: AA = 0.4 X AB,
    With: AA: the area of surface A; and AB: the area of surface B.
    Advantageously, the projections 51a, in particular the ends of the projections 51a, are capable of breaking a lubricant film disposed at the interface surfaces 50a and 41a or 50b and 41b. Advantageously, the projections 51a, in particular the ends of the projections 51a, are capable of breaking an oil film disposed at the interface of the longitudinal groove bottom wall 43a and the longitudinal wall 53 of the inside edge of the cage. . Advantageously, the lubricant can be confined within the second perforations 52 so that it does not induce a resistive torque greater than a predefined torque. Thus, the lubricant does not preterite the performance of the bearing.
    Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate the first variant of the first embodiment in which the cage is delimited axially by flat surfaces 41a, 41b respectively disposed on the washers 4a, 4b of the inner ring 4. Of course, it is possible to propose a bearing the alternative architecture, similar to that disclosed in EP 2 787 234, with a cage axially delimited by flat surfaces of the outer ring 3. In this case not shown, the cage may have a crown shape planar circular with first cutouts 50 at its inner edge, which are provided to receive the rolling bodies. The second perforations 52 then define a portion 51 comprising multiple projections 51a oriented towards the outside of the cage.
    In a second variant of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the cage 5 differs from the cage of the first variant of the first embodiment in that it has a cylindrical shape. The axis of the cylindrical shape is merged or substantially coincident with the axis A1.
    The first edge 58 is an edge of a first axial end 581 and the second edge 59 is an edge of a second axial end 591.
    The cage can also be in the form of a perforated cylinder. First openings 50 are provided at the first axial end 581 of the cage so as to receive rolling bodies 2, while second recessed formations 52 are provided at the second axial end of the cage so as to minimize the cylindrical potential surface contact between the cage and one and / or the other of the two rings of the bearing, in particular the inner ring.
    In this second variant, the cage is also defined axially by remote planes defining the first and second ends. The distance between these planes defines the length of the cage. The cage is also defined radially by a first cylinder and a second cylinder coaxial with the first cylinder, the difference in radius of the first and second cylinders defining a thickness of the cage. These first and second cylinders thus determine the inside and outside diameters of the cage.
    The cage is arranged or the cage and the first and second rings are arranged so that the area of the surface A (shown in black in FIG 20) on each side of the cage may come into contact with one or the other of the rings is less than 50%, or even less than 45%, or even less than 40%, or even less than 30%, of the area of the surface B (represented in black in FIG. ) cylindrical diameter equal to that of the diameter of the cylinder defining the surface A of the cage and between two end edges of the cage. In this embodiment, a surface B is therefore the surface of the cage which is visible when each point of the cage is viewed radially to the axis A1. In this embodiment, a surface A is therefore the surface of the cage which is likely to come into contact with one or the other of the rings and which is visible when one looks at each point of the cage radially to the axis A1. Surfaces A and B may be inside the cage, that is to say at the inner circumferential diameter of the cage, and / or surfaces A and B may be outside the cage. cage, that is to say at the outer peripheral diameter of the cage.
    In a third variant of the first embodiment, the cage 5 differs from the cage of the first variant of the first embodiment in that a surface of the ring further comprises at least a first axially projecting conformation ( that is to say along the axis A1). The top of this protruding conformation is intended to participate in a cage-rolling ring interface.
    The at least one first protruding conformation comprises a rib. This rib can be circular or substantially circular. Preferably, the at least one first protruding conformation comprises two ribs. A first rib is provided to engage one surface of a ring and a second rib is provided to engage another surface of another ring or ring. Advantageously, the first rib is provided on a first face of the cage, in particular on a first surface in the plane of the cage, and the second rib is provided on a second face of the cage, in particular on a second surface in the plane of the cage. the cage. One or more depressions (or pits) may be made on one side or side of the rib.
    Alternatively, the at least one first axially projecting conformation (that is to say along the axis A1) comprises a set of bosses, in particular at least three bosses, in particular at least three bosses arranged circularly or substantially circularly relative to the axis A1 and / or at least three bosses arranged at regular angular interval or substantially regular relative to the axis A1. Preferably, a first set of bosses is provided for coming into contact with a first ring surface, in particular a first annular first surface and a second set of projections is provided to come into contact with a second ring surface, in particular a second surface of second annular element.
    Alternatively again, the geometry of the cage may also be non-planar, especially at one or more areas intended to come into contact with one of the rings. The cage may have a crown shape with corrugated surface (s), especially at the area or zones mentioned. Thus, projections may be oriented in the axial direction of the bearing, while the first openings 50 may be oriented towards the inside or outside of the cage.
    Figs. 11 and 12 illustrate the contact zone 56 comprising at least a first conformation 55 protruding and at least a first recessed conformation 52, a vertex 551 is intended to participate in a cage-bearing ring interface.
    In the variant shown in FIG. 11, the bottoms of the recessed formations 52 are generally at the same level as the rest of the surface 50a. In the case of this variant, the surface B is shown hatched in FIG. 15 and the surface A is shown hatched in FIG. 16.
    In the variant shown in FIG. 12, the vertices 551 protruding conformations 55 are generally at the same level as the rest of the surface 50a. In the case of this variant, the surface B is shown hatched in FIG. 17 and the surface A is shown hatched in FIG. 18.
    As a further alternative, the bottoms of the hollow conformations 52 may be generally recessed relative to the remainder of the surface 50a and the vertices 551 protruding conformations 55 may be generally projecting relative to the rest of the surface 50a.
    Although not shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the surfaces 50a and 50b can be structured or shaped in the same way. The surfaces 50a and 50b may be identical or symmetrical to each other.
    In a fourth variant of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the bearing differs from the bearing of the first variant of the first embodiment in that at least one ring comprises a second contact zone 49 having at least a second recessed conformation 42a; 42b and / or at least a second conformation 41a; 41b protruding.
    The at least one second recessed conformation makes it possible to limit the contacts between the first and second contact zones.
    The top of the protruding conformation is intended to participate in a cage-ring interface of the bearing. In this fourth variant, the cage is a ring having only first openings for receiving the rolling bodies.
    The at least one second protruding conformation is a rib or comprises one or more ribs. This rib can be circular or substantially circular. Preferably, the at least one second protruding conformation comprises two ribs. A first rib 41a is provided to come into contact with a first surface 50a of the cage and a second rib 41b is provided to come into contact with a second surface 50b of the cage. Advantageously, the first rib 41a is provided on an annular element 4a and the second rib 41b is provided on an annular element 4b. The at least one second recessed conformation may comprise one or more pits 42a, 42b which may be made on one side or on each side of the rib.
    The punctures 42a, 42b may or may not have the same geometries. These punctures 42a, 42b can be formed over 360 ° or not. Several punctures can be combined to create drops on the surface of the annular elements 4a, 4b.
    Alternatively, the at least one second protruding conformation comprises a set of bosses, in particular at least three bosses, in particular at least three bosses arranged circularly or substantially circularly with respect to the axis A1 and / or at least three bosses. arranged at regular or substantially regular angular interval relative to the axis A1. Preferably, a first set of bosses is provided to engage the first lacing surface 50a and a second set of bosses is provided to engage the second surface 50b of the cage. Advantageously, the first set is provided on an annular element 4a and the second set is provided on an annular element 4b.
    Unless logical or technical incompatibility, any combination of several of the different embodiments described above is possible. By way of example, FIG. 7 represents a fifth variant constituting a combination of the first variant embodiment and the fourth variant embodiment. In the embodiment of this fig. 7, the bearing comprises in fact a cage according to the first embodiment and a ring according to the fourth embodiment.
    The first embodiment therefore relates to a lubricated bearing whose cage and / or at least one ring is / are shaped (s) so as to minimize at least one contact surface or at least one potential contact surface between the cage and the inner or outer ring. Such an embodiment thus makes it possible to reduce, or even to cancel, at least one contact surface on which a lubricant can be housed, and thus makes it possible to minimize the friction moment induced by the lubricant.
    This makes it possible to lubricate the bearings in order to obtain good performance in operating noise of the bearings, without the lubricant adversely affecting the energy transmission performance of the bearing, in particular due to any sticking of the components. taking part in the bearing, in particular the cage and the inner or outer ring of the bearing.
    A second embodiment of a timepiece 400 is described below with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. The timepiece is for example a watch, in particular a wristwatch, in particular an automatic wristwatch.
    The timepiece comprises a watch movement 300, in particular a mechanical movement, in particular an automatic movement.
    The movement comprises a watch mechanism 200. This mechanism may for example be an oscillating mass device of an automatic winding device or be an automatic winding device. The mechanism includes a bearing.
    The bearing 1 is for example a clock bearing, in particular a clock-bearing ball bearing. The bearing comprises a first ring 4, in particular an inner ring, a second ring 3, in particular an outer ring, rolling bodies 2, in particular balls.
    The bearing has an axis A1 around which the first or the second ring is guided in rotation through the rolling bodies. The first and second rings each have a raceway provided for the rolling of the rolling bodies.
    The bearing is devoid of cage. It is therefore of the "without cage" type. In other words, the bearing is of the type "full of logs" or "contiguous balls". More generally, the bearing is "elements or rolling bodies contiguous". More particularly, rolling bodies of the bearing may come into contact with each other, especially when one ring is displaced relative to the other about the axis A1. Such a bearing has the advantage of overcoming the risk of bonding between a cage and the inner or outer ring of the bearing, the bearing being devoid of cage. In addition, such a bearing has the advantage of supporting high loads, greater than those supported by a bearing according to the first embodiment. Such an embodiment is thus particularly well suited to an automatic winding mechanism whose oscillating mass 92 has a static torque greater than or equal to 120 pN.m, or even greater than or equal to 180 pN.m, or even greater than or equal to 220 pN.m, or even greater than or equal to 250 pN.m. Alternatively or additionally, such an embodiment is also well suited to an automatic winding mechanism whose oscillating mass comprises a heavy sector and has a mass greater than 2 g, or even greater than 3g, or even greater than 4 g.
    One of the rings 4 may be provided to be attached to a frame of the watch movement. It can thus have a conformation 40 allowing its assembly to the frame. Preferably, the other ring 3 has at least one connecting means 30 with a movement mechanism. This means may, for example, be a toothing 30. The mechanism of movement may, for example, be an automatic winding mechanism. For this purpose, the ring 3 may further comprise a surface 90 for receiving a not shown oscillating mass.
    One of the first and second rings, for example the inner ring, may consist of two annular elements or washers 4a, 4b fixed together or simply biased toward each other, for example, elastically.
    One embodiment of a method for producing a watch bearing or a watch mechanism or a watch movement or a timepiece as mentioned above is described below.
    The method comprises the following steps: - providing a bearing comprising a first ring 4, in particular an inner ring, a second ring 3, in particular an outer ring and rolling bodies 2 or provide a bearing as described above; - Apply a lubricant on at least one surface of the first ring and / or the second ring and / or a rolling body.
    Preferably, the at least one surface comprises or constitutes a surface of a raceway or part of a raceway of one of the rings and / or the at least one surface comprises a surface rolling of at least one of the rolling bodies.
    Advantageously, the lubricant is applied by jetting or by non-contact spraying.
    Preferably, the lubricant has a kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 20 ° C between 8 and 15 St, in particular equal to 10 St or substantially equal to 10 St. Alternatively, the lubricant may have a lower kinematic viscosity to a temperature of 20 ° C. For example, the lubricant can have a kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 20 ° C between 0.8 and 1.5 St, in particular equal to 1.2 St or substantially equal to 1.2 St.
    Whatever the embodiment or the variant embodiment, the rolling bodies may be made of steel, of a superelastic alloy such as Nitinol, or else of ceramic, in particular of zirconium oxide type ceramic or even of Silicon nitride type ceramic. Rolling elements of different materials can also be combined within the same bearing. The use of ceramics makes it possible to obviate the risks of micro-weldings and / or corrosion caused over time by a steel-to-steel contact. In particular, silicon nitride rolling bodies offer high strength, high abrasion resistance, excellent stiffness and very good resistance to corrosion. This ceramic also has a density 40% lower than that of steel.
    Whatever the embodiment or the embodiment variant, the cage may, in turn, be made of a copper-based alloy such as CuBe2, or steel. Alternatively, the cage can be made of any other material.
    Whatever the embodiment or the embodiment variant, the bearing may comprise between 5 and 11 balls, including 7 balls, or more for a roll without cage.
    Whatever the embodiment or the embodiment variant, at least one surface of the first ring and / or the second ring and / or a rolling body is covered with a lubricant. The lubricant is for example a lubricant whose kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 20 ° C is between 8 and 15 St, in particular equal to 10 St or approximately equal to 10 St. The lubricant can be an oil.
    Whatever the embodiment or the embodiment variant, the bearing is preferably a four-point contact bearing.
    The rolling bodies are preferably balls. Alternatively, whatever the embodiment or the variant embodiment, the rolling bodies may be needles or rollers, in particular cylindrical or frustoconical rollers.
    In the second embodiment, the bearing may, in a preferred manner, comprise between 25 and 35 rolling bodies or balls, in particular 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 rolling bodies or balls.
    Whatever the embodiment of the bearing, the lubricant is applied in a preferred manner by "jetting" or non-contact spraying. Such a lubrication method makes it possible to apply a controlled volume of lubricant specified and adapted to minimize the operating noise of the bearing, or even cancel the operating noise of the bearing. Preferably, the lubricant, in particular a drop of oil, is applied directly to a rolling body. All of the rolling bodies can be lubricated. Alternatively, only one or some rolling bodies can be lubricated. In the latter case, surfaces of the other rolling bodies will be lubricated during operation of the bearing by contact of the lubricated rolling body with a raceway, and then not contact the other rolling bodies with the raceway.
    The term "lubricant" refers here to any material that can reduce the friction between the rolling bodies and the rings, whether it is a solid, pasty, or liquid lubricant. The oil is chosen in a privileged way. Tests carried out show that an oil with a viscosity of the order of 10 St makes it possible to respond perfectly to the performance objectives of a ball bearing, especially in terms of noise.
    Throughout this document, by "lubricated bearing", we mean a bearing including a surface of the inner ring and / or the outer ring and / or the cage and / or all or part of the rolling bodies are lubricated .
    Throughout this document, by "potential contact surface" between two components, we mean a contact surface of these two components when they are in contact following a catch of a game.
    Throughout this document, by "crossing", it qualifies an opening or a hole that traverses the entire thickness of a part, including the cage.
    Throughout this document, by "opening" is meant an opening or a hole which is positioned at the edge of a part, in particular of the cage, the hole itself forming a part of the edge of the part.
    The bearing ensures a rotational guidance of a first component relative to a second component around the axis A1. Depending on its nature, the bearing also makes it possible to ensure that the second component regains axial forces exerted on the first component.
    Advantageously, an interesting embodiment of a clock-bearing ball bearing comprises an inner ring 4, an outer ring 3 and balls 2. At least one surface of the inner ring and / or the outer ring and / or a ball is covered with a lubricant. The bearing comprises between 25 and 35 balls, in particular 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 balls. The bearing does not comprise a roll-cage separation cage or the roll is of the contiguous rolling-body type, in particular of the solid type of balls, or the balls are capable of coming into contact with one another. At least one ball or some balls or all the balls are made of steel. The inner ring is made of steel and the outer ring is made of steel.
    Advantageously, the balls are made of rolling steel, such as a low alloy steel containing Cr, for example 100Cr6 (DIN 1.3505) or 100CrMo7-3 (DIN 1.3536).
    [0097] Advantageously, the inner ring is made of stainless steel, for example 4C27A (DIN 1.4197).
    [0098] Advantageously, the outer ring is made of stainless steel, for example 4C27A (DIN 1.4197).
    [0099] Advantageously, the balls are mounted in the rings with a tangential clearance. This clearance is measured between the end balls when all the balls are in contact, that is to say when the balls form a chain with two end balls and intermediate balls, each intermediate ball being in contact with two adjacent balls and each end ball being in contact with a single intermediate ball. The game is for example greater than or equal to the radius of the balls. The game is for example less than or equal to the diameter of the balls.
    [0100] A first ball bearing according to a particular embodiment of this interesting embodiment comprises 27 balls. It has been tested. To do this, it was mounted on a movement in a timepiece to guide an oscillating mass in rotation. A sound sensor was placed 5 cm away from the watch's window. When the timepiece is initially moved to rotate the oscillating mass, a sound level of 25 dBA is recorded by the sensor. After a predetermined cycle of rotation of the oscillating mass (intended to cause wear equivalent to that obtained after 10 years of normal use of the timepiece), the timepiece is still moved to rotate the oscillating mass and a sound level of 25 dBA is recorded again by the sensor. A second ball bearing has been tested. It differs from the first ball bearing only in that its balls are made of silicon nitride. It was mounted on the same movement in the same timepiece to guide in rotation the same oscillating weight. The same sound sensor was placed 5 cm away from the timepiece's mirror. When the timepiece is initially moved to rotate the oscillating mass, a sound level of 25 dBA is recorded by the sensor. After the predetermined cycle of rotation of the oscillating mass (intended to cause wear equivalent to that obtained after 10 years of normal use of the timepiece), the timepiece is still moved to rotate the oscillating mass and a sound level of 33 dBA is recorded by the sensor. It therefore seems interesting to use, in a watch bearing, steel balls (and not ceramic balls) vis-à-vis a sound criterion.
    Advantageously, an interesting embodiment of an oscillating mass device or an automatic winding device comprises: a frame 91, and an oscillating mass 92, whose static torque is greater than or equal to 120 pN.m or 180 pN.m or 220 pN.m or 250 pN.m, and / or • whose mass is greater than 2 g or 3 g or 4 g, and - a ball bearing 1 according to the embodiment interesting described above, the ball bearing guiding the oscillating mass on the frame about the axis A1, or - a ball bearing 1 comprising an inner ring 4, an outer ring 3 and balls 2, the bearing comprising at least a surface of the inner ring and / or the outer ring and / or a ball covered with a lubricant, • the ball bearing guiding the oscillating mass on the frame about the axis A1, • the bearing comprising between 25 and 35 balls, in particular 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 balls, e comprising no ball separation cage or the bearing being of the ball joint type, in particular of the full type of balls, or the balls being capable of coming into contact with each other, • at least one ball or some balls or all the balls being made of steel or silicon nitride or superelastic alloy such as Nitinol, the inner ring being made of steel or superelastic alloy such as Nitinol, and the outer ring being made of steel or superelastic alloy such as Nitinol .
    Advantageously, an embodiment of a watch movement comprises the interesting embodiment of the device described in the previous paragraph.
    Advantageously, an embodiment of a timepiece comprises the embodiment of the movement described in the previous paragraph or the interesting embodiment of the device described above.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Clock-bearing ball bearing (1) comprising a first ring (4), in particular an inner ring, a second ring (3), in particular an outer ring and rolling bodies (2), - the bearing comprising at least one surface of the inner ring and / or the outer ring and / or a rolling body covered with a lubricant, the bearing comprising between 25 and 35 balls, in particular 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 balls, the bearing not comprising no ball separating cage or the bearing being of the contiguous ball type, or the bearing being of the solid type of balls, or the balls being capable of coming into contact with each other, - at least one ball or some balls or all the balls being made of steel, the inner ring being made of steel, and the outer ring being made of steel.
    [2]
    2. Bearing according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the lubricant has a kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 20 ° C between 8 and 15 St, in particular equal to 10 St or substantially equal to 10 St.
    [3]
    3. Bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first ring comprises a first annular element (4a) and a second annular element (4b), the first and second annular elements being shaped so as to spare, when they are assembled, a groove (48) housing the cage.
    [4]
    4. Bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the balls are made of rolling steel, such as a low alloy steel containing Cr, for example 100Cr6 (DIN 1.3505) or 100CrMo7-3 (DIN 1.3536).
    [5]
    Bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner ring is made of stainless steel, for example 4C27A (DIN 1.4197), and / or the outer ring is made of stainless steel, for example 4C27A. (DIN 1.4197).
    [6]
    6. Watchmaker mechanism (200), particularly oscillating weight device or automatic winding device, comprising a bearing according to one of claims 1 to 5.
    [7]
    7. Watchmaking mechanism according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises an oscillating mass (92) whose static torque is greater than or equal to 120 pN.m or 180 pN.m or 220 pN.m or 250 pN.m and / or an oscillating mass having a mass greater than 2 gou3gou4g and / or in that the ball bearing is arranged to guide the oscillating mass on a frame (91).
    [8]
    8. watch movement (300) comprising a bearing according to one of claims 1 to 5 or a mechanism according to claim 6 or 7.
    [9]
    9. Timepiece (400), including wristwatch, comprising a movement according to the preceding claim or a bearing according to one of claims 1 to 5 or a mechanism according to claim 6 or 7.
    [10]
    10. A method of producing a clock bearing or a watch mechanism or a watch movement or a timepiece, the method comprising the following steps: - providing a bearing comprising a first ring (4), in particular an inner ring, a second ring (3), in particular an outer ring and rolling bodies (2), in particular providing a bearing according to one of claims 1 to 5 devoid of lubricant; - Apply a lubricant on at least one surface of the first ring and / or the second ring and / or a rolling body.
    [11]
    11. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the lubricant has a kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 20 ° C between 8 and 15 St, in particular equal to 10 St or substantially equal to 10 St.
    [12]
    12. The method of claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the lubricant is applied by jetting or spraying without contact.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US11243497B2|2022-02-08|
    US20190094808A1|2019-03-28|
    EP3460275A1|2019-03-27|
    EP3460275B1|2021-12-01|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP17192977|2017-09-25|
    EP17192975|2017-09-25|
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